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GenHVL[Q]

GenHVL[Q] - [Q] Error Model (Symmetric)

By inserting the [Q] Error Model ZDD for the PDF, CDF, and CDFc in GenHVL template, we produce the GenHVL[Q] model:

a₀ = Area

a₁ = Center (as mean of underlying normal ZDD)

a₂ = Width (SD of underlying Gaussian)

a₃ = HVL Chromatographic distortion ( -1 > a₃ > 1 )

a₄ = ZDD power of tailing ( 0.25 > a₄ > 4 )

Built in model: GenHVL[Q]

User-defined peaks and view functions: GenHVL[Q](x,a₀,a₁,a₂,a₃,a₄)

When a₄=2, the power will be exp(-z²), the Gaussian tailing.

The GenHVL[Q] is the kurtosis component of the GenHVL[Y] model, whereas the GenHVL[Z] is the skew component. The GenHVL[Q] only adjusts the kurtosis or fatness of tails associated with the fourth moment of a peak. There is no ZDD skew or third moment component.

As is apparent from the symmetric Gaussian ZDD of the HVL, a symmetric ZDD can result in dramatic tailing and fronting in the generalized HVL and Wade-Thomas NLC template models. Our experience suggests that the [Q] ZDD's adjustable kurtosis is mostly applicable to overload shapes since it lacks the skew parameter needed to adjust the third moment for the deviations in the theoretically expected symmetry or asymmetry. For analytic peaks, you will likely want to use a model that adjusts the third moment, such as the GenHVL or GenHVL[Z], or which adjusts both the third and fourth moments, such as the GenHVL[Y]. You should consider the GenHVL[Q] an experimental model that may be useful for specific overload shapes.

GenHVL[Q] Considerations

When a₄=2, the ZDD becomes a Gaussian and the model reduces to the HVL.

This a₄ kurtosis adjustment in the ZDD manages the deviations only from a Gaussian tail decay.

We have no experience with whether or not the a₄ parameter can be assumed constant (shared) across all peaks in the chromatogram.

Since the a₄ is a picture of increased tailing, it may be a useful model for fitting a given standard to ascertain column health. The greater the a₄ value, the more a 'drizzle' of sorts is occurring.

Note that the a₄ will be most effectively estimated and fitted when the peaks are skewed with some measure of fronting or tailing. Higher concentrations are also very good for this model, and since its function may be to estimate the management of an overload state, the concern for avoiding overload may not apply.

This model will be least effective in highly dilute samples with a poor S/N ratio since such peaks will generally have highly noisy tails which may be poorly modeled.

The GenHVL[Q]<irf> composite fits, the model with a convolution integral describing the instrumental distortions, isolate the intrinsic chromatographic distortion from the IRF instrumental distortion only when the data are of a sufficient S/N and quality to realize two independent deconvolutions within the fitting. For very dilute and noisy samples, you will probably have to remove the IRF prior using independent determinations of the IRF parameters. Since the [Q] doesn't furnish an intrinsic adjustment of the skew, any deviation from ideality in the ZDD's skew will be addressed only externally by the IRF component of the model, which may not make the slightest sense.

Since peaks often increase in width with retention time, the a₂ will probably be varied (independently fitted) for each peak.

Since peaks often evidence increased tailing with retention time, the a₃ will probably be varied (independently fitted) for each peak.

If you are dealing with a small range of time, however, or of you are dealing with overlapping or hidden peaks in a narrow band, a₂ and/or a₃ can be held constant across the peaks in this band.

If you are addressing gradient peaks, or if the overload shapes of preparative chromatography also need a skew adjustment in the ZDD, you will need the GenHVL[Y] model where the fourth moment of the peak is also adjusted.

The GenHVL[Q] model is part of the unique content in the product covered by its copyright.